FIRST
Learning-basedEnd-to-end optimizing through differentiable ISP.
Dual-domainRaw denoiser -> noise variations | sRGB denoiser -> ISP variations.
Denoising Paradigm.Trained with synthetic noise, generalize to real-captured images.

DualDn: Dual-domain Denoising via Differentiable ISP

Ruikang Li1,2, Yujin Wang1,†, Shiqi Chen3, Fan Zhang1, Jinwei Gu2, Tianfan Xue2,
1Shanghai AI Laboratory, 2The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3Zhejiang University
Indicates Corresponding Author

Trained with Synthetic Noise.
ONE Model. NO Cherry-Picking. NO Fine-Tuning.

SOTA Denoising Model with Exceptional Generalization Ability

Test on UNSEEN smartphone cameras: | | | | | | | |

Duck


Noisy Input

Mask Denoising

Restormer

Original Smartphone ISP

DualDn (ours)

Pressing on keyboard to cycle through different results.

* DualDn NOT trained with any images from these cameras or ISPs.



SOTA Denoising Model with Superior Detail Preservation

Test on PUBLIC DND benchmark: | | | | | | |

0001-18


Noisy Input

Mask Denoising

CycleISP

Restormer

DualDn (ours)

Pressing on keyboard to cycle through different results.

* DND benchmark DOES NOT provide ground truth or training images.



Overview

Methods

There are two typical ways to inject a denoiser into the Image Signal Processing (ISP) pipeline: applying a denoiser directly to captured raw frames (raw domain) or to the ISP's output sRGB images (sRGB domain).
However, both approaches have their limitations. Residual noise from raw-domain denoising can be amplified by the subsequent ISP processing, and the sRGB domain struggles to handle spatially varying noise since it only sees noise distorted by the ISP. Consequently, most raw or sRGB domain denoising works only for specific noise distributions and ISP configurations.
Unlike previous single-domain denoising, DualDn consists of two denoising networks: one in the raw domain and one in the sRGB domain. The raw domain denoising adapts to sensor-specific noise as well as spatially varying noise levels, while the sRGB domain denoising adapts to ISP variations and removes residual noise amplified by the ISP. Both denoising networks are connected with a differentiable ISP, which is trained end-to-end and discarded during the inference stage.

BibTeX

@inproceedings{li2024dualdn,
      title={Dualdn: Dual-domain denoising via differentiable isp}, 
      author={Li, Ruikang and Wang, Yujin and Chen, Shiqi and Zhang, Fan and Gu, Jinwei and Xue, Tianfan},
      booktitle={European Conference on Computer Vision},
      pages={160--177},
      year={2025},
      organization={Springer}
}